FRQ task verbs: what identify, describe, explain and justify really ask for
The verb at the start of each free-response question decides what earns the point. Here is what each one expects.
Updated 1 min read
Every free-response question starts with a task verb. It tells you exactly what the examiner will give points for, and students lose most marks by answering a different verb from the one in the question.
The verbs that come up most
- Identify: name it. One word or a short phrase is enough; no explanation is needed.
- Describe: give the relevant characteristics. Say what happens, not why.
- Explain: give the reason or mechanism. Say how or why, and link cause to effect.
- Justify: give evidence that supports your claim, usually from the data in the question.
- Predict: state what will happen. A prediction alone earns the point; add a reason only if the question asks for one.
- Calculate: show the setup and the answer, with units.
- Construct or draw: make a graph or diagram. Label axes, include units and use an appropriate scale.
A quick check before you write
- Underline the verb.
- Count the parts: "describe and explain" means two separate points.
- Look for "using the data": the point will only be awarded if you quote numbers from the question.
An excellent explanation in answer to an "identify" question earns the same single point as one correct word, and it costs you time you need later.